{"ikmk_id":"6356","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"R\u00f6m. Republik: C. 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Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6356. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6356. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Priesterger\u00e4te: Liktorenkappe (Apex), Liktorenbeil (Securis), Weihwasserwedel (Aspergillum), Sch\u00f6pfkelle (Simpulum) in einem Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2014-05-07","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Sebastian Lindermann","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6356\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6356\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n6\/6356\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6356\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6356\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1469025264,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6356. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6356. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"2","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Republik","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Republic"},"literatur":"RRC S. 461 Nr. 443\/1 (wandernde Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tte, 49\/48 v. Chr.); B. Woytek, Arma et Nummi. Forschungen zur r\u00f6mischen Finanzgeschichte und M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung der Jahre 49 bis 42 v. Chr. (2003) 119-133 (ausf\u00fchrlich zur Deutung, Datierung und m\u00f6glichen Verortung der Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tte) und 558 (mobile M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte, 49 v. Chr.).","comment":"Vs.: Mittelfeld durch Ausstechen von Silber mit Hohleisen zerst\u00f6rt zur Silberabnahme. Zum Ph\u00e4nomen des sog. gouging insbesondere bei republikanischen Denaren C. Stannard, The Adjustment al marco of the Weight of Roman Republican Denarii Blanks by Gouging, in: M. M. Archibald \u2013 M. R. Cowall (Hrsg.), Metallurgy in Numismatics III (London 1993) 45-53, bes. Taf. 2, 18 (dieser Typ).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/3"},"year_start":"-49","year_end":"-48","date_verbal":"49\/48 v. 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Nicht zu verwechseen mit dem Ph\u00e4nomen der Verknappung (Entnahme von Metall) von bzw. der Justierung (Hinzuf\u00fcgung von Metall) zu einer bereits gepr\u00e4gten M\u00fcnze.","description_en":"The practice of scraping material from the surface of a flan to reduce its weight prior to striking. Not to be confused with the clipping of a coin post striking.","lod":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/gouging","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/productionPeculiarity\/6"]}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"63":{"ikmk_type_id":"63","type_name_de":"Imperator (R\u00f6m. Republik)","type_name_en":"Imperator (Roman Republic)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperator","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/63","items":{"2068":{"ikmk_person_id":"2068","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Gaius Iulius Caesar","vitalDates":"100-44 v. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Gaius Iulius Caesar","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118518275":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118518275","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/286265178":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/286265178","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/julius_caesar":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/julius_caesar","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julius_Caesar":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julius_Caesar","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/2068":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/2068"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"67","keyword":"M\u00fcnzmeister\/-beamte","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300205361"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"6","timeline_item":"Rom nach Einf\u00fchrung der Denarpr\u00e4gung","description":"Mit dem Denar, der bis weit in die r\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit hinein f\u00fcr fast 500 Jahre Hauptnominal bleiben sollte, schufen die R\u00f6mer eine eigenst\u00e4ndige Silberm\u00fcnze. Der Zeitpunkt seiner erstmaligen Auspr\u00e4gung ist in der numismatischen Forschung viel diskutiert und auch heute noch immer nicht g\u00e4nzlich gesichert. Besonders die Ausgrabungen im antiken Morgantina auf Sizilien engen die Einf\u00fchrung des Denars in die Jahre zwischen 215 und 211 v. Chr. inmitten des Krieges gegen Hannibal ein. Die M\u00fcnzbilder der r\u00f6mischen Republik sind wichtige ikonographische Zeugnisse der f\u00fchrenden Familien Roms in jener Zeit. Beschr\u00e4nkt sich zu Beginn des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. das Bildspektrum auf wenige Typen, so gewinnt es im Laufe des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. immer mehr an Bedeutung als Medium des sp\u00e4trepublikanischen Legitimationsdiskurses. In den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Caesaranh\u00e4ngern und -gegnern und schlie\u00dflich zwischen M. Antonius und Octavianus erwiesen sich die M\u00fcnzen als wirkungsvolles Propagandamittel.","year_from":"-212","year_until":"-27","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"13","item_de":"verknappt","item_en":"clipped","description_de":"Ein Teil des Randes wurde weggeschnitten. Dies geschah insbesondere bei M\u00fcnzen aus Edelmetall.","description_en":"Part of the rim of the coin has been removed by clipping in particular with coins made from precious metals.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondaryTreatment\/13","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/clipped","http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300194663"]}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}