{"ikmk_id":"6345","eLearning_completed":"1","primary_source_id":"0","title":"R\u00f6m. Republik","inventory_number":"Ls4252.09.32","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/object?id=ID6345","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":42,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/42","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2412","publisher_isil_short":"DE-2412","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2412\/ID6345","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.geschichte.hhu.de\/"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"42","owner_name":"Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU)","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2412","owner_isil_short":"DE-2412","owner_www_address":"http:\/\/muenzkabinett.hhu.de","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hhu-dusseldorf","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/42","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"6","status":{"de":"verschollen","en":"lost","ikmk_status_id":"6","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/6"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1252","nominal_de":"Sesterz (Silber)","nominal_en":"Sestertius (Silver)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/sestertius_silver","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Von \u201esemistertius\u201c (dritthalb), also zun\u00e4chst im Wert von 2,5 Assen. Zusammen mit dem Denar wurde der Sesterz als dessen ebenfalls silbernes Viertelst\u00fcck um 210 v. Chr. zu 1\/288 des r\u00f6mischen Pfundes eingef\u00fchrt. Bereits wenige Jahre sp\u00e4ter wurde die Pr\u00e4gung wieder eingestellt. Das Nominal wurde zun\u00e4chst mit II (asses) S (ein Semis) gekennzeichnet, sp\u00e4ter wurde \u201eHS\u201c im Schriftgebrauch \u00fcblich. Erst um 90 v. Chr. erscheinen wieder silberne Sesterzen.\r\nF\u00fcr das bronzene Nominal ab M. Antonius bzw. Augustus siehe unter Sesterz.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 629 s. v. Sestertius.","info_en":"Introduced into the Roman currency system of the Roman Republic around 210 BC as a silver coin valued as 1\/4 denarius. Only issued for few years and continued only from around 90 BC onward.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/1252"},"date_last":"2022-12-11 17:52:15","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"54","coin_status_name_de":"Stadt","coin_status_name_en":"City","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/54"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"266","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/266","region_name":"Latium","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/latium","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"678","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/678","mint_name":"Rom","mint_name_de":"Rom","mint_name_en":"Rome","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rome","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3169070"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"13 mm","die_axis":"5 h","weight":"1.16 g","accession":"","access_year":"1975","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IIS","image_description":"Kopf der Roma nach r. mit gefl\u00fcgeltem Helm, dahinter Wertzeichen HS (f\u00fcr \"2einhalb asses\"), Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2014-05-06","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Sebastian Lindermann","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n6\/6345\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1469025237,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6345. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6345. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"ROMA","image_description":"Galoppierende Dioskuren nach r., darunter Beischrift ROMA in gerahmtem Feld, Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2014-05-06","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Sebastian Lindermann","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n6\/6345\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6345\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1469025238,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6345. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6345. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"2","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Republik","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Republic"},"literatur":"RRC Nr. 44\/7.","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/3"},"year_start":"-211","year_end":"-211","date_verbal":"211 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":20,"souce":"RRC","number":"044,7","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"4828":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/crro\/id\/rrc-44.7"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"45","keyword":"G\u00f6tter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021469-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300343850"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"22","keyword":"Italien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4027833-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000080"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"6","timeline_item":"Rom nach Einf\u00fchrung der Denarpr\u00e4gung","description":"Mit dem Denar, der bis weit in die r\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit hinein f\u00fcr fast 500 Jahre Hauptnominal bleiben sollte, schufen die R\u00f6mer eine eigenst\u00e4ndige Silberm\u00fcnze. Der Zeitpunkt seiner erstmaligen Auspr\u00e4gung ist in der numismatischen Forschung viel diskutiert und auch heute noch immer nicht g\u00e4nzlich gesichert. Besonders die Ausgrabungen im antiken Morgantina auf Sizilien engen die Einf\u00fchrung des Denars in die Jahre zwischen 215 und 211 v. Chr. inmitten des Krieges gegen Hannibal ein. Die M\u00fcnzbilder der r\u00f6mischen Republik sind wichtige ikonographische Zeugnisse der f\u00fchrenden Familien Roms in jener Zeit. Beschr\u00e4nkt sich zu Beginn des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. das Bildspektrum auf wenige Typen, so gewinnt es im Laufe des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. immer mehr an Bedeutung als Medium des sp\u00e4trepublikanischen Legitimationsdiskurses. In den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Caesaranh\u00e4ngern und -gegnern und schlie\u00dflich zwischen M. Antonius und Octavianus erwiesen sich die M\u00fcnzen als wirkungsvolles Propagandamittel.","year_from":"-212","year_until":"-27","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}