{"ikmk_id":"6336","eLearning_completed":"1","primary_source_id":"0","title":"R\u00f6m. 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Eigentlich \u201eEiner\u201c bzw. \u201eEinheit\u201c. Bezeichnet im Gewichtssystem des Geldes der r\u00f6mischen Republik das in zw\u00f6lf Unzen (unciae) unterteilte Pfund (libra), mit wechselnden sinkenden Standards (vom obengenannten libralen zum semilibralen, sextanalen und schlie\u00dflich unzialen). Zun\u00e4chst gegossen als Teil des Aes grave, seit dem Ende des 3. Jhs. v. Chr. gepr\u00e4gt. Auch die entsprechende Einheit unteritalischen Schwergeldes wurde als As bezeichnet. Mit der Einf\u00fchrung des Denares (s. dort) kamen erst zehn, dann 16 Asses auf einen solchen. Augustus lie\u00df den As ebenfalls als Kupferm\u00fcnze weiterpr\u00e4gen, lediglich Nero gab ihn kurzfristig in Messing aus. Im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. werden Asses immer seltener gepr\u00e4gt und erscheinen zuletzt unter Aurelianus (reg. 270-275 n. 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Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6336. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6336. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"ROMA","image_description":"Schiffsbug (prora) nach r.","foto_date":"2014-09-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Sebastian Lindermann","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6336\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6336\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n6\/6336\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6336\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID6336\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1469025216,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6336. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID6336. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"2","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Republik","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Republic"},"literatur":"RRC Nr. 56,2.","comment":"Gepr\u00e4gt w\u00e4hrend des Zweiten Punischen Krieges (218-202 v. Chr.).\r\nRevers: Bug mit Rammsporn symbolisiert die r\u00f6mische Seemacht.\r\nAvers: Bildnis des Gottes Janus, f\u00fcr gew\u00f6hnlich als Doppelkopf dargestellt. Einer der \u00e4ltesten r\u00f6mischen G\u00f6tter mit Ursprung in der r\u00f6mischen Mythologie. Er gilt als Ursprung aller Dinge und symbolisiert Dualit\u00e4t, Zwiesp\u00e4ltigkeit und Gegens\u00e4tze wie Anfang und Ende oder Licht und Dunkelheit.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/3"},"year_start":"-211","year_end":"-211","date_verbal":"211 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":20,"souce":"RRC","number":"056,2","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"4847":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/crro\/id\/rrc-56.2"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"125":{"ikmk_type_id":"125","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Museum)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to Museum)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4126928-7","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/125","items":{"12541":{"ikmk_person_id":"12541","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"M\u00fcnzhandlung Franz-Bernd Karbach (D\u00fcsseldorf)","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"M\u00fcnzhandlung Franz-Bernd Karbach (D\u00fcsseldorf)","corporation":"1","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/koerperschaft\/12541":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/koerperschaft\/12541"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"71","keyword":"Bronze \/ Kupfer","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4146667-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ae"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"45","keyword":"G\u00f6tter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021469-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300343850"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"22","keyword":"Italien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4027833-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000080"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"6","timeline_item":"Rom nach Einf\u00fchrung der Denarpr\u00e4gung","description":"Mit dem Denar, der bis weit in die r\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit hinein f\u00fcr fast 500 Jahre Hauptnominal bleiben sollte, schufen die R\u00f6mer eine eigenst\u00e4ndige Silberm\u00fcnze. Der Zeitpunkt seiner erstmaligen Auspr\u00e4gung ist in der numismatischen Forschung viel diskutiert und auch heute noch immer nicht g\u00e4nzlich gesichert. Besonders die Ausgrabungen im antiken Morgantina auf Sizilien engen die Einf\u00fchrung des Denars in die Jahre zwischen 215 und 211 v. Chr. inmitten des Krieges gegen Hannibal ein. Die M\u00fcnzbilder der r\u00f6mischen Republik sind wichtige ikonographische Zeugnisse der f\u00fchrenden Familien Roms in jener Zeit. Beschr\u00e4nkt sich zu Beginn des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. das Bildspektrum auf wenige Typen, so gewinnt es im Laufe des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. immer mehr an Bedeutung als Medium des sp\u00e4trepublikanischen Legitimationsdiskurses. In den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Caesaranh\u00e4ngern und -gegnern und schlie\u00dflich zwischen M. Antonius und Octavianus erwiesen sich die M\u00fcnzen als wirkungsvolles Propagandamittel.","year_from":"-212","year_until":"-27","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}