{"ikmk_id":"3525","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Diocletianus","inventory_number":"roth12065","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/object?id=ID3525","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":42,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/42","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2412","publisher_isil_short":"DE-2412","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2412\/ID3525","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.geschichte.hhu.de\/"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"42","owner_name":"Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU)","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2412","owner_isil_short":"DE-2412","owner_www_address":"http:\/\/muenzkabinett.hhu.de","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hhu-dusseldorf","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/42","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"774","nominal_de":"Doppeldenar (ANT)","nominal_en":"Double Denarius","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antoninianus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4417146-8","info_de":"Das von Kaiser Caracalla (Alleinherrschaft 211\u2013217 n. Chr.) im Jahre 215 eingef\u00fchrte neue Silbernominal im Wert von zwei Denaren. Entspricht im Gewicht zu Anfang anderthalb alten Denaren (ungef\u00e4hr 5 g), unterliegt aber im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. einem zunehmenden Verlust an Gewicht und Feinheit. \u00c4u\u00dferes Kennzeichen sind der Kaiserkopf mit der Strahlenkrone bzw. die Kaiserinnenb\u00fcste auf der Mondsichel auf der Vorderseite. Kaiser Aurelianus versucht 274 n. Chr. eine Reform des zwischenzeitlich zur Kupferm\u00fcnze abgesunkenen Doppeldenares (auch Aurelianus genannt). Die dort in Erscheinung tretenden Wertkennzeichen XX I bzw. K A (20 zu 1) sind in ihrer Bedeutung noch umstritten (gleich 20 Sesterzen bzw. 5 Denare oder doch eher Hinweis auf Feingehalt (20 unedle Teile auf eines aus Silber)). Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus endete die Geschichte des Doppeldenares. Die Bezeichnung \u201eAntoninianus\u201c (abgeleitet vom offiziellen Namen des Caracalla) ist eine moderne Sch\u00f6pfung in Ermangelung einer \u00fcberlieferten antiken Bezeichnung.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 31. 36.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/774"},"date_last":"2023-06-09 06:43:23","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"11","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/11","country_name_de":"Frankreich","country_name_en":"France","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/french_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3017382","ikmk_region_id":"139","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/139","region_name":"Gallia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/gallia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"355","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/355","mint_name":"Lyon","mint_name_de":"Lyon","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/lugdunum","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2996944"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"22 mm","die_axis":"7 h","weight":"4.39 g","accession":"","access_year":"1987","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG","image_description":"B\u00fcste des Diocletian r., mit Strahlenkrone, in Panzer mit Paludamentum, vom R\u00fccken gesehen.","foto_date":"2014-10-10","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Sebastian Lindermann","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n3\/3525\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1469011427,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID3525. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID3525. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IOVI CONSERVATORI","image_description":"Jupiter l. stehend, Chlamys \u00fcber der linken Schulter, in der rechten Hand ein Blitzb\u00fcndel, eine umgekehrte Lanze in der linken. Beizeichen D \/ - \/\/ -","foto_date":"2014-10-10","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"1","photographer_name":"Sebastian Lindermann","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n3\/3525\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/muenzkatalog.hhu-hosting.de\/image\/ID3525\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1469011429,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID3525. Aufnahme durch Sebastian Lindermann.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU), ID3525. Photographs by Sebastian Lindermann."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"15","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity"},"literatur":"RIC V.2 S. 225, Nr. 47; P. Bastien, Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon. Diocl\u00e9tien et ses cor\u00e9gents avant la r\u00e9forme mon\u00e9taire (285-294), Nr. 27 (1. Emission; datiert Mitte 285-01.04.286 n. Chr.); Roth III Nr. 429 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"10","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","name_en":null,"description_de":"ab 284 n. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4124227-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020666"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"9","timeline_item":"Geldentwertung im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr.","description":"Im Verlauf des dritten Jhs. n. Chr. wird die zunehmende finanzielle Krise des r\u00f6mischen Staates auch anhand des gepr\u00e4gten Geldes in dramatischer Weise sichtbar. Steigende Ausgaben insbesondere f\u00fcr das Milit\u00e4r standen einem schwindenden Edelmetallzuflu\u00df gegen\u00fcber. Neben der Einf\u00fchrung neuen Geldes (also einer M\u00fcnzreform) konnte diesem Problem lediglich durch die Verschlechterung des M\u00fcnzgeldes mittels einer Minderung von Gewicht und Feingehalt entgegengewirkt werden. Beginnend mit der Zeit der Severischen Dynastie (193\u2013235 n. Chr.), vor allem aber nach ungef\u00e4hr 253 n. Chr. nahm der Silbergehalt von Denaren und Doppeldenaren dramatisch ab, ein Tiefstand mit nur noch 2 % wurde zwischen dem Beginn der Alleinherrschaft des Gallienus 260 und der Regierung des Aurelianus (270\u2013275 n. Chr.) erreicht. Auch der Aureus hatte mittlerweile zunehmend an Gewicht verloren und b\u00fc\u00dfte seine feste Bindung an die Silberw\u00e4hrung ein (25 Denare entsprachen \u00fcblicherweise einem Aureus). Mit dieser Abwertung des Edelmetallgeldes ging auch der Niedergang der M\u00fcnzen aus Bronze einher; ebenso wird das st\u00e4dtische Kleingeld im Osten des r\u00f6mischen Reiches in dieser Zeit eingestellt. Erste Reformen durch Aurelianus 274 n. Chr. stellten den Feingehalt des goldenen Aureus wieder her, das feste Umrechnungsverh\u00e4ltnis in Denaren wurde aber dauerhaft aufgegeben; Goldm\u00fcnzen werden nunmehr zum Tageskurs gehandelt. Weitere Versuche, eine neue Silberw\u00e4hrung zu etablieren, erfolgen unter Diocletianus und sp\u00e4teren Kaisern. Das r\u00f6mische W\u00e4hrungssystem diente nun insbesondere zu Zwecken der Steuerzahlung und der Alimentierung der Staatsverwaltung und des Milit\u00e4rs; es st\u00fctzte sich immer mehr auf eine Goldw\u00e4hrung, w\u00e4hrend Silber- und Scheidem\u00fcnzen nur noch eine Nebenrolle spielen.","year_from":"200","year_until":"293","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}